- EIA studies:
Environmental Impact Assessments for Petroleum Operations
As part of EIA Report we prepare:
- Non-Technical Summary
- Introduction and List of Key Personnel
- Description of the Operations
- Baseline Properties of the Environment
- Impact of the Operations
- Mitigation Measures
- Consideration of Key Alternatives
- Uncertainties
- Relevant Domestic and International Legislation
- Environmental Management Plan
- Related Safeguards, Measures and Plans
- Declaration of Truth
- Appendices
Baseline Properties of The Environment:
- Data on The Physical Environment, Including:
- Local geography, including landforms, elevation, and the topography.
- Climate, including seasonal weather conditions.
- Geology, including soil sampling results.
- Hydrology and water quality, including water quality sampling results as well as any chemical and physical tests in the lab or field.
- Noise and air quality, including ambient air quality analysis.
- Local water supplies via local water wells in the area are available
- Local villages and settlements around the facility
- Data on Biodiversity and Habitats, Including Both a Literature Review and
Field Surveys, Paying Attention to Threatened, Protected, Or Rare Species.
- Data on The Human and Socio-Economic Context, Including:
- Local demographical information.
- Economic and social activities in the area.
- Cultural resources, including archaeological heritage and historical sites.
- Material assets, including infrastructure such as roads or buildings
Summary of environmental legislation relevant to the operations. It includes any other legislation and/or agreements, if any, which impose additional environmental, health and safety requirements on the operations.
The EIA Reports include a description of the measures proposed to be put in
place to address:
- Waste management;
- Worker health and safety;
- Emergency response; and
- Withdrawing.
Field Survey Monitoring, Sampling and Analysis:
Water
Water samples will be collected from various surface and groundwater sources and analysed for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Field measurements will be taken where possible, while laboratory analysis, follow standard methods (e.g., WHO).
Monitoring will include:
- Measure water quality in permanent and seasonal surface water bodies and groundwater within the area.
- Record GPS coordinates for monitoring sites.
- Taking pictures of monitoring locations.
- Analyse samples for a specified set of parameters.
Major Cations and Dissolved Metals
- Aluminium
- Antimony
- Arsenic
- Barium
- Beryllium
- Boron
- Cadmium
- Calcium
- Chromium
- Magnesium
- Manganese
- Mercury
- Molybdenum
- Nickel
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
- Cobalt
- Copper
- Iron
- Lead
- Lithium
- Selenium
- Silver
- Sodium
- Thallium
- Vanadium
- Zinc
Non-metallic Inorganic Parameters
- Base neutralizing capacity (acidity) pH 8.3 and 4.5
- Acid neutralizing capacity (alkalinity) pH 4.5 and 8.3
- Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD-Cr)
- Chloride
- Nitrates
- Sulphate as SO4
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
- C10 - C12 Fraction
- C10 - C40 Fraction
- C12 - C16 Fraction
- C16 - C35 Fraction
- C35 - C40 Fraction
Microbiological Parameters
- Coliform Bacteria
- Escherichia coli
Physical and other Parameters
- Turbidity
- pH
- EC
- Salinity
- TDS
- Well Depth
- Water Table Depth
- Temperature
- Total Dissolved Oxygen
- Hardness
- Calcium Hardness
- Magnesium Hardness
- Hardness as CaCO3
Soil
Soil samples, approximately 1 kg each, will be collected from 0.3 meters depth at project locations to establish baseline chemical characteristics. Samples will represent general environmental conditions, avoiding localised influences (e.g., manure, spills). The analysis will follow industry-standard methods (e.g., WHO, API) and be compared to WHO standards.
The soil samples will be analysed for the following parameters:
Extractable Metals / Major Cations
- Antimony
- Arsenic
- Barium
- Beryllium
- Cadmium
- Phosphorus
- Selenium
- Silver
- Chromium
- Cobalt
- Copper
- Iron
- Lead
- Lithium
- Manganese
- Mercury
- Molybdenum
- Nickel
- Strontium
- Thallium
- Tin
- Vanadium
- Zinc
BTEX
- Benzene
- Ethylbenzene
- BTEX
- Xylenes
- Toluene
- meta- & para-Xylene
- ortho-Xylene
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
- C10 - C12 Fraction
- C10 - C40 Fraction
- C12 - C16 Fraction
- C16 - C35 Fraction
- C35 - C40 Fraction
Physical Parameters
- Clay
- Dry matter
- Sand
- Silt
- pH (H2O)
Air quality
Air samples will be collected and analysed for gaseous pollutants using a Drager X-am 7000 portable gas analysers. Measurements will be conducted for 15 minutes per location, with 24-hour average concentrations estimated from these readings, which are logged and later downloaded.
Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) will be measured at the same locations using a handheld particle counter (e.g., HT9601). Air will be drawn passively through the sensor, with measurements logged during 15-minute sessions.
Analyses will be conducted for the following pollutants:
- NO2; SO4; CO
- Ozone
- PM10
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- H2S
Noise
Background noise will be measured using a portable noise level meter (e.g., Quest Model 2900 UL or equivalent) during the day and at night. The instrument will be calibrated before and after measurements. Noise levels will also be recorded at sensitive locations over 24 hours once during the required time.
Socio-economics survey
A socio-economic survey is conducted through questionnaires with village populations and interviews with local officials. It will include site visits to assess infrastructure, demography, land use, economic activities, and culturally significant sites while informing communities about the planned Operations.
Climate and Meteorology
Long-term seasonal and annual data on atmospheric pressure, rainfall, humidity, temperature, wind speed, and direction are required.
Ecology
A comprehensive ecological survey will assess baseline biodiversity at project locations, with standardized sampling conducted at each site.
- Conduct initial site observations, noting elevation, soil type, water sources, and habitat type, supported by pictures.
- Sample plant fauna using three 1m x 1m quadrats, identifying plant species, individual counts, or percentage cover, along with small invertebrates. Ensure quadrats represent the habitat and photograph each.
- Observe bird and animal species during site sampling.
- Identify larger plants (trees, shrubs, crops) not included in the quadrats.
Traffic Density Survey
Baseline traffic volumes will be surveyed using hose counts or mobile Automatic Traffic Counters (ATCs), estimating hourly and daily volumes for all vehicle types.
- Separation and transportation services of hazardous waste from oilfields
- Incinerated Ash sampling
